在我们学英语的过程中，总会遇到一些看起来很相似，却让人摸不着头脑的句子结构。比如，“Would like to have done”和“Would have liked to do”。这两个短语看起来差不多，但实际上它们的含义完全一样，都表示“希望做某事但最终没做成”。

今天，我们就来好好聊聊这两个结构，帮你彻底搞懂它们。

1. 基本概念：它们到底在说什么？

我们先来看一个简单的例子：

- I would like to have seen the film.

- I would have liked to see the film.

这两句话的意思是一样的，都是“我真希望当时去看那部电影”。也就是说，说话者本来想去看电影，但最终没去成。

再举个例子：

- She would have liked to tell him to butt out.

这句话的意思是“她本想告诉他叫他别插手的”。也就是说，她当时有这种想法，但最终没说出口。

所以，无论是“Would like to have done”还是“Would have liked to do”，它们都在表达一种“未完成的愿望”。

2. 为什么会有两种表达方式？

你可能会好奇，既然意思一样，为什么英语里会有两种说法呢？其实，这主要是语法结构的不同。

- Would like to have done：这里的重点在“have done”，强调动作的完成性。

- Would have liked to do：这里的重点在“would have liked”，强调愿望本身。

虽然结构不同，但它们的核心含义是一样的。在实际使用中，你可以根据个人习惯选择其中一种，不会影响句子的意思。

3. 实际使用场景：什么情况下用它们？

这两种结构通常用于以下几种场景：

（1）表达遗憾或未实现的愿望

比如：

- I would like to have gone to the party, but I was too tired.

（我本来想去参加派对的，但我太累了。）

- He would have liked to stay longer, but he had to catch the last train.

（他本来想多待一会儿，但他必须赶最后一班火车。）

（2）描述过去未说出口的话或未做的事

比如：

- She would like to have said something, but she was too shy.

（她本来想说些什么，但她太害羞了。）

- They would have liked to complain, but they didn’t want to cause trouble.

（他们本想抱怨，但他们不想惹麻烦。）

（3）假设性的场景

比如：

- Which country would you most like to have visited?

（你最希望去哪个国家？）

- I would have liked to meet her, but she left before I arrived.

（我本来想见她的，但在我到达之前她就离开了。）

4. 和“Wish”的区别是什么？

你可能会想到另一个表达遗憾的词：“wish”。那么，“Would like to have done”和“Wish”有什么区别呢？

- “Wish” 通常用于表达对现状的不满或对过去某件事的遗憾。比如：

- I wish I had gone to the party.

（我真希望我去了派对。）

这里的重点是对过去某个具体事件的遗憾。

- “Would like to have done”/“Would have liked to do” 则更强调“本来想做某事但没做成”。比如：

- I would like to have gone to the party, but I was busy.

（我本来想去派对的，但我很忙。）

这里的重点是对未完成动作的解释。

简单来说，“Wish”更偏情绪化，而“Would like to have done”更偏理性化。

5. 常见错误：你可能会用错的地方

在学习这两个结构时，很多人容易犯以下几个错误：

（1）混淆时态

有些人会把“Would like to have done”写成“Would like to do”。比如：

- 错误：I would like to see the film.

正确：I would like to have seen the film.

前者表示“我想去看电影”，后者才表示“我本来想去看电影但没去成”。

（2）过度使用

有些人会在不需要表达遗憾的时候也用这两个结构。比如：

- 错误：I would like to have eaten pizza last night.

如果你确实吃了披萨，那就没必要用这个结构。

（3）忽略上下文

这两个结构通常需要结合上下文来使用。比如：

- 错误：I would have liked to go.

这句话单独看没什么问题，但如果前面没有提到“为什么没去成”，就会显得不完整。

6. 如何在实际生活中运用？

为了更好地掌握这两个结构，我们可以尝试在日常生活中多用它们。比如：

- 和朋友聊天时：

“I would like to have joined you for dinner, but I had to work late.”

（我本来想和你一起吃晚饭的，但我得加班。）

- 表达对某件事的遗憾：

“I would have liked to visit Paris, but I couldn’t afford it.”

（我本来想去巴黎的，但我负担不起。）

- 描述未说出口的话：

“She would like to have told him the truth, but she was afraid of his reaction.”

（她本想告诉他真相的，但她害怕他的反应。）

7. 小练习：试试看你能不能正确使用

现在，我们来做个练习，看看你是否能正确使用这两个结构。请根据以下情境，用“Would like to have done”或“Would have liked to do”完成句子。

1. 你本来想参加朋友的生日聚会，但因为生病没去成。

I __________________ to the party, but I was sick.

2. 他本想买那辆汽车，但钱不够。

He __________________ the car, but he didn’t have enough money.

3. 她本想告诉他真相，但最终没说出口。

She __________________ the truth, but she kept it to herself.

（答案见文末）

8. 总结：掌握它们的关键

我们来掌握“Would like to have done”和“Would have liked to do”的关键点：

1. 理解核心含义：它们都表示“希望做某事但没做成”。

2. 熟悉使用场景：表达遗憾、未实现的愿望或假设性场景。

3. 避免常见错误：注意时态、不要过度使用，结合上下文。

4. 多练习：在实际生活中多用这两个结构，加深理解。

小练习答案

1. I would like to have gone / I would have liked to go to the party, but I was sick.

2. He would like to have bought / He would have liked to buy the car, but he didn’t have enough money.

3. She would like to have told / She would have liked to tell the truth, but she kept it to herself.

希望这篇文章能帮你彻底搞懂“Would like to have done”和“Would have liked to do”的用法！下次再遇到它们时，你就能自信地用起来了！